To plan using the strategies, think about the unit planning as involving the following three phases:

1. At the beginning of the unit, include strategies for setting learning goals.
   
2. During a unit include strategies
   
   
   
   • for monitoring progress toward learning goals.
     
   • for introducing new knowledge.
     
   • for practicing, reviewing, and applying knowledge.
     
   
   
3. At the end of a unit, include strategies for helping students determine how well they have achieved their goals.
   
   
   
   

Instructional Strategies for Use at the Beginning of a Unit

Identify clear learning goals.

Allow students to identify and record their own learning goals.

Allow time for students to share their goals with one another

Brainstorm ways to achieve their goals

Instructional Strategies for use During a Unit

Guide Students in identifying and articulating what they already know about the topics.

Provide students with ways of thinking about the topic in advance.

Ask students to compare the new knowledge with what is known.

Have students keep notes on the knowledge addressed in the unit.

Help students represent the knowledge in nonlinguistic ways by periodically sharing these representations with others.

Ask students to work sometimes individually, but other times in cooperative groups.

Instructional Strategies for use During a Unit

Assign homework that requires students to practice, review, and apply what they have learned. It is important to give students feedback on the accuracy of all homework.

Engage students in long-term projects that involve generating and testing hypotheses.

Ask students to revise linguistic and nonlinguistic representations of knowledge in their notebooks as they refine their understanding of their knowledge.

Instructional Strategies for use at the End Of a Unit
Helping Students Determine How Well They Have Achieved Their Goals

Provide students with clear assessments of their progress on each learning goal.

Have students assess themselves on each learning goal and compare these assessments with those of the teacher.

Ask students to articulate what they have learned about the content and about themselves as learners.